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Updated: Aug 19, 2026
Urinary Tract Infection in a Small Animal Model: Transurethral Catheterization of Male and Female Mice
Published on: December 1, 2017
Catheter type does not affect the outcome of intrauterine insemination treatment: a prospective randomized study
Peter Fancsovits1, Laszlone Toth, Akos Murber
1First Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary. fancsi@noi1.sote.hu
Objective:
To compare the main outcome of IUI with the Gynetics catheter (Gynetics Medical Products, Hamont-Achel, Belgium) or the Makler cannula (Sefi-Medical Instruments, Haifa, Israel).
Design:
Prospective, randomized study.
Setting:
Infertility and endocrinology unit in a university hospital.
Patient(S):
Two hundred fifty-one infertile couples undergoing 784 consecutive IUI treatments.
Intervention(S):
Patients were randomly assigned to undergo IUI treatment with either the Gynetics catheter (124 patients) or the Makler cannula (127 patients).
Main Outcome Measure(S):
Primary outcome measures were pregnancy and cumulative pregnancy rates. Secondary outcome measures were the ease of introduction of the catheter, the presence of bleeding, and semen regurgitation after removal of the catheter.
Result(S):
The use of the Gynetics catheter resulted in similar pregnancy (10.4% vs. 9.7%) and cumulative pregnancy rates (27.9% vs. 26.4%) as compared with the Makler cannula. Difficult introduction of the catheter was more frequent in the Gynetics group than in the Makler group (19.4% vs. 8.0%, respectively), but the frequency of bleeding did not differ between groups. Sample regurgitation was observed more often in the Makler group than in the Gynetics group (49.9% vs. 17.9%, respectively).
Conclusion(S):
A lower frequency of sperm regurgitation and a higher frequency of difficult introduction was observed when the Gynetics catheter was used. However, there was no significant difference in pregnancy rates with use of either the Gynetics catheter or the Makler cannula.
