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Updated: Aug 19, 2026

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Published on: June 16, 2020
Unusual presentation of sarcoidosis
Gianfranco Rizzato1, Carmine Tinelli
1Ospedale Niguarda Cà Granda, Struttura Complessa di Medicina Generale II, Milan, Italy.
Abstract:
The extrapulmonary presentation of sarcoidosis is a frequent occurrence - over 30% of cases when the observation is prospective - but early diagnosis may still be a challenge. A comparison between two different Italian series - (1) patients visiting the Milan Sarcoidosis Clinic of an Internal Medicine Department and (2) an Italian Register from many pneumology centers (RIPID) - has shown a different approach to the diagnosis because pneumologists are more likely to use transbronchial biopsy, while internists are more likely to use extrapulmonary biopsies. Such a different clinical approach may be due in part to a different case mix of the two series.
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The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories: