Search for ideal biomaterials to cultivate human osteoblast-like cells for reconstructive surgery

In this study we cultured human osteoblast-like cells on 16 different biomaterials to find an optimal biomaterial for subsequent use in reconstructive surgery. The tested biomaterials can be divided into five groups: collagen-based membranes of bovine, equine or calf origin, tricalcium phosphate based membranes (alpha and beta), hyaluronic acid based, anorganic bovine bone and anorganic silicone-based membranes. Cell proliferation and cell colonization (Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope, ESEM) analysis were performed. The results of the study demonstrated that four of the examined biomaterial/cell constructs showed a very good proliferation rate and cell density: No. 3 (Tissue Vlies), No. 7 (Sepra film), No. 16 (Biobrane) and No. 17 (Biomend). No favourable group of biomaterials was noticeable. Moreover, the results indicate that these four biomaterials as a part of bone constructs are the best tools for engineering new bone tissue. In contrast, biomaterials No. 19a (Bio-Oss) and 19b (Bio-Oss Collagen) showed the lowest proliferation rates. The result of No. 19b was improved by treatment in the perfusion chamber for 48 h as well as by additional use of vacuum. The present study is an important base for further analysis of biomaterials and consequently for the development of tissue engineering.