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Joints

Joints

Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...

Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints

Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints

Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...

Method of Joints

Method of Joints

The method of joints is a commonly used technique to analyze the forces in structural trusses. The method is based on the principle of equilibrium, which assumes that the truss members are connected by frictionless pins. The forces at each joint can be determined by considering the equilibrium of the forces acting on that joint.
Since plane truss members are in the same plane, each joint is subjected to a coplanar and concurrent force system. To apply the method of joints, the first step is to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Establishing a Diaphyseal Femur Fracture Model in Mice

Establishing a Diaphyseal Femur Fracture Model in Mice

Published on: December 9, 2022

[Acute PIP joint fractures].

¹Clinique la Francilienne, 16, avenue de l'Hôtel-de-Ville, 77034 Pontault-Combault, France. thierry.dubert@noos.fr

Chirurgie De La Main

|March 10, 2005

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) fractures require careful diagnosis and treatment for optimal hand function. Surgical fixation is often necessary for displaced fractures to ensure proper healing and prevent long-term complications.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Establishing a Diaphyseal Femur Fracture Model in Mice

Establishing a Diaphyseal Femur Fracture Model in Mice

Published on: December 9, 2022

Transverse Fracture of the Mouse Femur with Stabilizing Pin

Transverse Fracture of the Mouse Femur with Stabilizing Pin

Published on: December 29, 2021

Fracture Apparatus Design and Protocol Optimization for Closed-stabilized Fractures in Rodents

Fracture Apparatus Design and Protocol Optimization for Closed-stabilized Fractures in Rodents

Published on: August 14, 2018

Area of Science:

Orthopedic Surgery
Hand Surgery
Traumatology

Background:

Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) fractures present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
Effective management is crucial for preserving global finger and hand function.
Early mobilization and rehabilitation are essential components of treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline diagnostic and treatment strategies for PIP fractures.
To emphasize the importance of fracture type identification through radiography.
To detail management approaches for proximal and middle phalanx fractures.

Main Methods:

Review of diagnostic imaging (radiographs) for fracture classification.
Analysis of conservative and surgical treatment options based on fracture characteristics.
Evaluation of fixation techniques and joint stabilization methods.

Main Results:

Non-displaced fractures are typically managed conservatively.
Displaced fractures necessitate anatomical reduction and surgical fixation.
Middle phalanx fractures require specific approaches for palmar (avulsion) and dorsal (extensor tendon) injuries to prevent boutonniere deformity.

Conclusions:

Accurate radiographic assessment is key to PIP fracture management.
Surgical intervention is indicated for displaced fractures and complex cases.
Combined bone fixation and joint stabilization are vital for preventing instability and secondary displacement.