Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

A revised identical elements model of arithmetic fact representation.

Timothy C Rickard1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. trickard@ucsd.edu

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|March 10, 2005
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Spaced practice and reactive inhibition have limited or no effects on motor sequence learning.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Semantic relatedness and the efficacy of retrieval practice.

NPJ science of learning·2026
Same author

The effects of declarative learning on early and late motor skill learning.

NPJ science of learning·2025
Same author

Comparison of online, offline, and hybrid hypotheses of motor sequence learning using a quantitative model that incorporate reactive inhibition.

Scientific reports·2024
Same author

Dissipation of reactive inhibition is sufficient to explain post-rest improvements in motor sequence learning.

NPJ science of learning·2022
Same author

Age does not modify the processing architecture of dual memory retrieval: an investigation of age-related effects on dual-retrieval practice in younger and older adults.

Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition·2022
Same journal

Testing the predictions of a distinctiveness model of memory: The production effect in backward recall.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

On the impact of adjacency on transposed-word effects under serial presentation.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

It's time to opt out: Metacognitive analysis of time regulation under uncertainty.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

The role of statistical learning in attentional guidance during search through naturalistic scenes.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

Representing objects and features in long-term memory: A case for direct feature-feature binding.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

Crossmodal correspondences influence adaptation during rule-based category learning of objects.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
See all related articles

The identical elements model explains how multiplication and division facts are stored in memory. A revised model better accounts for conflicting data and predicts new outcomes for factoring operations.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Educational Psychology
  • Human Memory

Background:

  • The identical elements model proposes three independent memory representations for related multiplication and division facts.
  • Existing research presents conflicting results regarding the model's predictions.
  • The 'ties effect' in arithmetic fact retrieval remains incompletely explained.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence supporting the identical elements model of arithmetic fact representation.
  • To propose and empirically test a revised model that addresses inconsistencies and explains the ties effect.
  • To investigate novel predictions for the factoring operation in arithmetic.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on the identical elements model.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Empirical investigation through three experiments designed to test specific predictions.
  • Analysis of arithmetic fact retrieval, focusing on multiplication, division, and factoring.

    • Main Results:

    • Conflicting results in the literature are accommodated by the proposed model revision.
    • A novel explanation for the 'ties effect' in arithmetic fact retrieval is provided.
    • The revised model generates new, nonintuitive predictions for the factoring operation, supported by experimental data.

    Conclusions:

    • The revised identical elements model offers a more comprehensive account of arithmetic fact representation in memory.
    • The findings have significant implications for understanding mathematical cognition and improving arithmetic instruction.
    • Further research is warranted to explore the nuances of arithmetic fact retrieval and learning.