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Fetal macrosomia. Risk factor and outcome
Mariam Mathew1, Lovina Machado, Rahma Al-Ghabshi
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PO Box 35, PC 123, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman. mathewz@omantel.net.om
Saudi Medical Journal
|March 10, 2005
Summary
Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes are key risk factors for fetal macrosomia, leading to increased risks of shoulder dystocia and birth injuries. This study identified predictors and outcomes in macrosomic deliveries.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Perinatal Medicine
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Background:
- Fetal macrosomia, defined as estimated fetal weight of 4000g or more, presents significant risks.
- Identifying risk factors and outcomes is crucial for effective management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine risk factors for fetal macrosomia.
- To assess maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by fetal macrosomia.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 275 macrosomic deliveries (birth weight >= 4000g).
- Review of maternal and neonatal records from January 2001 to December 2003.
- Analysis of demographic data, antenatal risk factors, delivery mode, and complications.
Main Results:
- Macrosomic deliveries occurred at a rate of 3.75%.
- Significant risk factors included maternal obesity, diabetes, prolonged gestation, and postpartum hemorrhage.
- Increased rates of cesarean section (25.8%), shoulder dystocia (7.6%), and Erb's palsy were observed.
Conclusions:
- Gestational diabetes, maternal obesity, advanced maternal age, and higher parity are primary risk factors for fetal macrosomia.
- Macrosomic infants face elevated risks of shoulder dystocia, birth injuries, and neonatal morbidity.