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Related Concept Videos

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines01:25

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).
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Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Protocols for Testing the Toxicity of Novel Insecticidal Chemistries to Mosquitoes
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Pyridalyl, a novel insecticide: potency and insecticidal selectivity.

S Isayama1, S Saito, K Kuroda

  • 1Crop Protection Division, Tokyo Head Office, Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. isayama@sc.sumitomo-chem.co.jp

Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology
|March 10, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Pyridalyl is a novel insecticide highly effective against pests like Spodoptera litura and Frankliniella occidentalis. It shows low toxicity to beneficial insects such as Bombus terrestris and non-target cell lines, suggesting its potential for Integrated Pest Management (IPM).

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Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Entomology
  • Insect Toxicology
  • Chemical Ecology

Background:

  • Pyridalyl represents a new class of insecticides with an unclassified mode of action.
  • Understanding its selectivity is crucial for sustainable pest control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the insecticidal efficacy of pyridalyl against key agricultural pests.
  • To assess the toxicity of pyridalyl to non-target organisms, including pollinators and predators.
  • To determine the cytotoxicity of pyridalyl on insect and mammalian cell lines.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory bioassays using leaf-dipping and direct spray methods for insecticidal activity.
  • Toxicity assessments on insect predator (Orius stringicollis) and pollinator (Bombus terrestris) via body-dipping and direct spray.
  • Cytotoxicity evaluation using the trypan-blue exclusion method on Sf9 (insect) and CHO-K1 (mammalian) cell lines.

Main Results:

  • Pyridalyl demonstrated high efficacy against all developmental stages of Spodoptera litura.
  • Toxicity to Frankliniella occidentalis was comparable to or greater than acrinathrin.
  • No acute toxicity was observed in Orius stringicollis or Bombus terrestris, with no impact on bee nests.
  • Pyridalyl exhibited high toxicity to insect cells but negligible toxicity to mammalian cells.

Conclusions:

  • Pyridalyl displays significant insecticidal activity and high selectivity, sparing beneficial insects and exhibiting minimal mammalian cytotoxicity.
  • Its selective profile suggests potential for use in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs, particularly in greenhouse cultivation.