Recent developments in the production of human therapeutic proteins in eukaryotic algae

Antibody-based therapeutics have had great success over the last few years, and continue to be one of the fastest growing sectors of drug development. The efficacy and specificity of antibody-based drugs makes them ideal candidates for new drug development, but the specificity of these drugs comes from their complexity, and this complexity makes antibodies very expensive to produce. To address this problem, the authors have developed a system for the expression of recombinant proteins using the unicellular eukaryotic green algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. As proof of concept, the authors have engineered microalgae to produce several forms of a human IgA antibody directed against herpes simplex virus. The expression of human monoclonal antibodies in C. reinhardtii offers an attractive alternative to traditional mammalian-based expression systems, as both the plastid and nuclear genomes are easily and quickly transformed, and the production of proteins in algae has an inherently low cost of capitalisation and production.