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[Rickettsioses].

Máximo Bernabeu-Wittel1, Ferran Segura-Porta

  • 1Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain. wittel@cica.es

Enfermedades Infecciosas Y Microbiologia Clinica
|March 11, 2005
PubMed
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Rickettsia bacteria are emerging pathogens transmitted by arthropods, causing diseases like Mediterranean spotted fever and murine typhus in humans. This review covers prevalent and emerging rickettsioses, focusing on their pathogenesis and vectors.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Bacteriology

Context:

  • Rickettsia bacteria are obligate intracellular, gram-negative pathogens.
  • Many Rickettsia species are considered emergent pathogens.
  • Transmission occurs via arthropod vectors (ticks, fleas) to mammalian hosts, with incidental human infection.

Purpose:

  • To review prevalent and emerging rickettsioses, particularly in Spain.
  • To focus on Mediterranean spotted fever (R. conorii) and murine typhus (R. typhi).
  • To discuss other significant rickettsioses including R. slovaca, R. africae, R. prowazekii, R. felis, R. rickettsii, and Orientia tsutsugamushi.

Summary:

  • Rickettsioses share a common pathogenesis involving endothelial cell infection, leading to multisystemic small vessel vasculitis.

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  • Affected organs include lungs, heart, skin, central nervous system, liver, and kidneys.
  • Rickettsia are classified into spotted-fever and typhus groups.

    • Impact:

    • Understanding Rickettsia pathogenesis is crucial for diagnosing and managing emergent infectious diseases.
    • This review highlights the importance of vector-borne disease surveillance and control.
    • Knowledge of Rickettsia epidemiology aids in public health strategies against zoonotic infections.