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Simulated evolution of selfish herd behavior.

Timothy C Reluga1, Steven Viscido

  • 1Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Box 352420, Seattle, WA 98195-2420, USA. treluga@amath.washington.edu

Journal of Theoretical Biology
|March 11, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Selfish herd behavior, where animals aggregate to avoid predators, can emerge from simple local interactions. Natural selection can favor individuals who consider distant neighbors, leading to realistic herd dynamics.

Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Behavioral Ecology

Background:

  • Animal aggregations are common, with the selfish herd hypothesis proposing individuals minimize predation risk by staying near others.
  • However, simple local interaction rules often fail to replicate observed herd behaviors, suggesting a need for more complex interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if delocalized interactions, necessary for realistic herd formation, can evolve from local interactions under natural selection.
  • To explore the role of individual movement rules and predation pressure in shaping aggregation dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • An individual-based model was developed with a quantitative genetic trait influencing neighbor interactions based on distance.
  • Predation-based selection was applied to simulate evolutionary pressures on movement rules.

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Main Results:

  • Natural selection favored individuals who increased their influence from distant neighbors over near neighbors.
  • This shift in influence, driven by predation, led to the emergence of realistic herd-like aggregations.

Conclusions:

  • Localized movement rules, under the pressure of predation, can lead to the evolution of delocalized interactions.
  • The study supports the idea that complex herd behaviors can arise from simple, locally-driven rules shaped by natural selection.