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Related Experiment Videos

Implantable cardiac pacemaker electromagnetic compatibility testing in a novel security system simulator.

Wolfgang Kainz1, Jon P Casamento, Paul S Ruggera

  • 1Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, MD 20851, USA. wxk@cdrh.fda.gov

IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering
|March 12, 2005
PubMed
Summary

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A new simulator accurately tests active implantable medical devices (AIMDs) against security systems, addressing over 100 past interference incidents. Pulsed magnetic fields pose a greater risk to pacemakers than sinusoidal fields.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
  • Medical Device Safety

Background:

  • Over 100 incidents reported over 17 years show interference between active implantable medical devices (AIMDs) and security systems.
  • A lack of standardized testing methods hinders the evaluation of AIMD electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) with security systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel simulator for EMC testing of AIMDs against electromagnetic fields from security systems.
  • To provide a standardized method for assessing the interference potential between AIMDs and walk-through metal detectors (WTMDs).

Main Methods:

  • A security system simulator was developed and evaluated for field homogeneity, signal distortion, and magnetic field strength.
  • Small three-axis probes and a scanning system characterized fields from 12 WTMD types.

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  • Tests were conducted on four pacemakers using a saline phantom, correlated with "in air" tests.

    • Main Results:

    • The simulator accurately mimicked pacemaker interference observed in real WTMDs.
    • Interference thresholds indicated pulsed magnetic fields are more likely to interfere with pacemakers than sinusoidal fields.
    • Evaluated simulator performance regarding field homogeneity, signal distortion, and maximum magnetic field strength.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed security system simulator is a valuable tool for evaluating AIMD compatibility with security systems.
    • Early identification of incompatible WTMD and AIMD combinations is facilitated by this simulator.
    • The findings highlight the increased risk of pulsed magnetic fields causing pacemaker interference.