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Hyperglycemic emergencies.

D O Sauve, C A Kessler

    AACN Clinical Issues in Critical Care Nursing
    |May 1, 1992
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Hyperglycemic emergencies, including diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNK), are common in intensive care. Timely diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial for positive patient outcomes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Critical Care Medicine

    Background:

    • Hyperglycemic emergencies are frequent endocrinopathies in intensive care units (ICUs).
    • Acute hyperglycemia complications affect 10-15% of ICU patients.
    • Diabetes mellitus underlies these emergencies due to insulin deficiency.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the common causes and presentations of hyperglycemic emergencies.
    • To highlight the increasing incidence and risks associated with Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNK).
    • To emphasize the importance of prevention, timely diagnosis, and prompt management.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on hyperglycemic emergencies.
    • Analysis of clinical presentations of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and HHNK.

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  • Discussion of risk factors and management strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a well-known hyperglycemic emergency.
    • Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNK) is increasingly recognized, particularly in the elderly.
    • Both conditions result from insulin deficiency leading to severe hyperglycemia.

    Conclusions:

    • Prevention of hyperglycemic emergencies is paramount.
    • Early diagnosis and aggressive hormonal and fluid replacement are critical for improved outcomes.
    • Increased clinical awareness of HHNK is vital due to its rising frequency and lethality.