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Updated: Aug 19, 2026

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure
Published on: September 19, 2019
The psychobiological theory of attachment: a viable frame of reference for early intervention providers
Kris A Barnekow1, Gary W Kraemer
1University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, College of Health Sciences, Occupational Therapy Program, 2400 East Hartford Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA. krisb@uwm.edu
Abstract:
Psychobiological Attachment Theory (PAT) (Kraemer, 1992) provides a way of thinking about caregiver-infant relationships for use in clinical practice. This manuscript describes how the theory translates into a frame of reference that can be used in practice within the context of natural environments. A discussion of the theoretical base, function/dysfunction criteria, postulates regarding change, and presentation of an evaluation guide, provides a practical tool for use in early intervention practice.
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