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Related Concept Videos

Structure of Cardiac Muscles01:13

Structure of Cardiac Muscles

Cardiac muscle, or myocardium, is a specialized type of muscle found exclusively in the heart. Its unique structural and functional characteristics enable the heart to perform its vital role of pumping blood throughout the body continuously and rhythmically. The cardiac muscle cells, or cardiomyocytes, possess an endomysium and perimysium but do not have an epimysium.
Compared to skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle cells are small and mostly have a single nucleus. Additionally, they are usually...
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing
12:45

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing

Published on: December 11, 2017

Myocardial bridging.

Jorge R Alegria1, Joerg Herrmann, David R Holmes

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

European Heart Journal
|March 15, 2005
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Myocardial bridging, where arteries tunnel through heart muscle, can cause symptoms like angina. Treatment focuses on beta-blockers, but more research is needed for optimal patient selection and therapies.

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Surgical Porcine Model of Chronic Myocardial Ischemia Treated by Exosome-laden Collagen Patch and Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

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Microdissection and Immunofluorescence Staining of Myocardial Sleeves in Murine Pulmonary Veins
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Microdissection and Immunofluorescence Staining of Myocardial Sleeves in Murine Pulmonary Veins

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing
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Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing

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Surgical Porcine Model of Chronic Myocardial Ischemia Treated by Exosome-laden Collagen Patch and Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
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Microdissection and Immunofluorescence Staining of Myocardial Sleeves in Murine Pulmonary Veins
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Microdissection and Immunofluorescence Staining of Myocardial Sleeves in Murine Pulmonary Veins

Published on: November 21, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Congenital Heart Anomalies

Background:

  • Myocardial bridging is a congenital coronary anomaly where an artery segment tunnels within the myocardium.
  • Its clinical relevance and manifestations are debated, with associations to angina, arrhythmia, and sudden death.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on myocardial bridging, including anatomy, pathophysiology, clinical relevance, and treatment.
  • To highlight new insights from advanced imaging and diagnostic techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on myocardial bridging.
  • Discussion of findings from intravascular ultrasonography and intracoronary Doppler studies.

Main Results:

  • Myocardial bridging involves systolic compression of the coronary artery, potentially causing diastolic flow abnormalities.
  • The intima beneath the bridge is protected from atherosclerosis, while the proximal segment is more susceptible.

Conclusions:

  • Medical management typically involves beta-blockers; nitrates should be avoided.
  • Further research and multicenter studies are crucial for defining pathological cases, natural history, and therapeutic strategies.