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Respiratory allergy in agricultural workers: recent developments.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational health and immunology
  • Environmental medicine

Background:

  • Farmers and farm workers face unique occupational exposures.
  • Allergens and asthmagens are known risk factors for allergy and asthma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent evidence on occupational allergen/asthmagens exposure and allergy/asthma risk in farmers.
  • To explore the role of modifying factors in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature.
  • Analysis of studies on farming populations and environmental exposures.

Main Results:

  • Identification of novel agents linked to allergy and asthma in farming populations.
  • Evidence suggests pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), including endotoxin, influence atopy and asthma development.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial exposures in farm environments have both adverse and protective effects.
  • Protective effects of PAMPs, like endotoxin, persist from childhood into adulthood.
  • Adult occupational exposures stimulating the innate immune system may impact allergy independently of childhood exposure.
  • High exposure to endotoxins and PAMPs may lead to reversal of atopy.