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Risk factors for asthma and atopy.

L Karla Arruda1, Dirceu Solé, Carlos E Baena-Cagnani

  • 1Division of Clinical Immunolgy, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil. karla@fmrp.usp.br

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|March 15, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Identifying childhood asthma risk factors is crucial as allergic diseases rise. Gene-environment interactions, early sensitization, and exposures like smoke and pollution significantly increase asthma risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
  • Environmental Health
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Asthma and allergic diseases are increasingly prevalent in children.
  • Understanding risk factors is essential for early intervention and prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize information on risk factors for childhood atopy and asthma.
  • To highlight the role of gene-environment interactions in disease development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on asthma and allergy risk factors.
  • Analysis of genetic, environmental, and clinical factors associated with disease development.

Main Results:

  • Gene polymorphisms are linked to asthma susceptibility, but gene-environment interactions are key.

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  • Early sensitization, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, maternal and childhood smoke exposure, viral infections (RSV, rhinovirus), air pollution, and perinatal factors increase asthma risk.
  • Complex interplay of genetic predisposition and environmental exposures drives disease development.

    • Conclusions:

    • Healthcare providers caring for young children must recognize asthma and allergy risk factors.
    • Early preventive strategies targeting identified risk factors can potentially alter the disease course.
    • Recognizing gene-environment interactions is vital for managing and preventing childhood asthma and allergic conditions.