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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction01:26

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...

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Characterization of Metabolic Status in Nonhuman Primates with the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test
06:59

Characterization of Metabolic Status in Nonhuman Primates with the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test

Published on: November 13, 2016

Gestational diabetes mellitus.

Thomas A Buchanan1, Anny H Xiang

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90089-9317, USA. buchanan@usc.edu

The Journal of Clinical Investigation
|March 15, 2005
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy-specific glucose intolerance. Early detection through risk factor screening and glucose testing offers a unique opportunity to study diabetes development and prevention strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance first detected during pregnancy.
  • GDM screening identifies pregnant women with clinical risk factors and abnormal glucose tolerance, which is often mild and asymptomatic.
  • GDM shares underlying physiological and genetic factors with non-pregnancy diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight GDM as a critical window for understanding diabetes pathogenesis.
  • To emphasize the high risk of future diabetes in women with GDM.
  • To explore GDM as a model for developing preventative interventions for diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of GDM definition and detection methods.
  • Analysis of the relationship between GDM and pre-existing diabetes pathophysiology.
  • Identification of GDM as a predictor for postpartum diabetes development.

Main Results:

  • GDM is characterized by glucose intolerance during pregnancy.
  • Screening protocols identify at-risk pregnancies for GDM diagnosis.
  • Women with GDM have a significantly elevated risk for developing diabetes later in life.

Conclusions:

  • GDM serves as an important model for studying early diabetes development.
  • Gestational diabetes mellitus presents a crucial opportunity for diabetes prevention research.
  • Interventions targeting GDM may offer insights into preventing type 2 diabetes.