Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 19, 2026

Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection
Published on: December 4, 2010
Nuclear export is evolutionarily conserved in CVC paired-like homeobox proteins and influences protein stability,
Shirley K Knauer1, Gert Carra, Roland H Stauber
1Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Biomedical Research, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 42-44, D-60596 Frankfurt, Germany.
Abstract:
Homeodomain transcription factors control a variety of essential cell fate decisions during development. To understand the developmental regulation by these transcription factors, we describe here the molecular analysis of paired-like CVC homeodomain protein (PLC-HDP) trafficking. Complementary experimental approaches demonstrated that PLC-HDP family members are exported by the Crm1 pathway and contain an evolutionary conserved leucine-rich nuclear export signal. Importantly, inactivation of the nuclear export signal enhanced protein stability, resulting in increased transactivation of transfected reporters and decreased extracellular secretion. In addition, PLC-HDPs harbor a conserved active nuclear import signal that could also function as a protein transduction domain. In our study, we characterized PLC-HDPs as mobile nucleocytoplasmic shuttle proteins with the potential for unconventional secretion and intercellular transfer. Nucleocytoplasmic transport may thus represent a conserved control mechanism to fine-tune the transcriptional activity of PLC-HDPs prerequisite for regulating and maintaining the complex expression pattern during development.
Related Concept Videos
Nuclear Export
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
Nuclear Export of mRNA
Nuclear Export of mRNA
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting
Nuclear Protein Sorting
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
Directionality of Nuclear Transport

