Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 13, 2026

Preparation of Cell-lines for Conditional Knockdown of Gene Expression and Measurement of the Knockdown Effects on E4orf4-Induced Cell Death
13:54

Preparation of Cell-lines for Conditional Knockdown of Gene Expression and Measurement of the Knockdown Effects on E4orf4-Induced Cell Death

Published on: October 21, 2012

Adenovirus E1A gene-induced tumor cell rejection through cellular sensitization to immune and nonimmune apoptotic

James L Cook1, John M Routes

  • 1Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. JLCook@uic.edu <JLCook@uic.edu>

Frontiers in Bioscience : a Journal and Virtual Library
|March 17, 2005
PubMed

Insights

The adenovirus E1A gene makes tumor cells vulnerable to immune attacks and cell death. This mechanism is key for developing new cancer therapies combining viral vectors with chemotherapy.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The E1A gene of human adenoviruses (Ad) 2 and 5 enhances cellular susceptibility to various injuries.
  • This property forms the basis for using adenoviral vectors in cancer treatment strategies combined with chemotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of understanding E1A's role in tumor cell susceptibility to lysis and apoptosis.
  • To discuss the translation of in vitro findings to experimental models of tumor rejection and therapeutic sensitization.
  • To explore future research directions based on molecular mechanisms of E1A-induced cellular sensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on E1A gene function.
  • Analysis of studies on cellular mechanisms of E1A-induced cytolytic susceptibility.
  • Examination of experimental models investigating E1A's role in tumor rejection and therapeutic sensitization.

Main Results:

  • E1A gene confers susceptibility to natural killer cells, macrophages, and other injuries.
  • E1A enhances tumor cell sensitivity to apoptosis and therapeutic interventions.
  • In vitro observations have been translated to experimental models, demonstrating E1A's impact on tumor rejection.

Conclusions:

  • E1A-induced cellular sensitivity is a crucial factor in cancer therapy.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms of E1A can guide future therapeutic strategies.
  • Combined adenoviral vector therapy and chemotherapy show promise for cancer treatment.

More Related Videos

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo12:42

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

In Vivo Immunogenicity Screening of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by Flow Cytometry of Splenic T Cells08:02

In Vivo Immunogenicity Screening of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by Flow Cytometry of Splenic T Cells

Published on: September 23, 2021

Related Concept Videos

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.