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The case for feedforward multisensory convergence during early cortical processing.

John J Foxe1, Charles E Schroeder

  • 1Program in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA. foxe@nki.rfmh.org

Neuroreport
|March 17, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Early brain processing integrates sensory information through feedforward and feedback pathways, challenging the traditional hierarchical model. This suggests a more complex, parallel integration of senses from the start.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Sensory Processing

Background:

  • The dominant brain model posits unisensory processing before multisensory integration in higher-order areas.
  • Early multisensory interactions observed in studies are often attributed to feedback mechanisms.
  • This hierarchical view suggests feedback modulation explains early cross-modal effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge the exclusively feedback-based interpretation of early multisensory integration.
  • To present evidence for feedforward and direct anatomical connections in early sensory integration.
  • To propose a revised model of sensory processing that includes early feedforward integration.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of high-density electrical mapping studies in humans.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Review of direct neural recordings from monkey brains.
  • Examination of human studies involving damage to higher-order integrative regions.
  • Consideration of anatomical tracer studies investigating cortical connections.

    • Main Results:

    • Multisensory integration occurs very early in sensory processing, making feedback unlikely as the sole mechanism.
    • Neural recordings reveal feedforward input characteristics at early cortical stages.
    • Damage to higher-order areas does not always impair multisensory integration.
    • Direct anatomical connections exist between primary visual and auditory cortices.

    Conclusions:

    • Early multisensory convergence is mediated by both feedforward and feedback connections.
    • The brain utilizes a broader range of anatomical connections for sensory integration than previously assumed.
    • Sensory processing is not strictly hierarchical but involves parallel and early integration mechanisms.