[Neuroophthalmology: milestones and new trends]

The 100 years anniversary of the "Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft in Wien" raises the interesting question how neuroophthalmology was represented in the decades before and after this historic event. At the beginning of the 19th century almost all diseases "behind" the pupil were diagnosed as "schwarzer Star". Despite of describing the different symptoms precisely the colleagues could only argue the underlying aetiology. About 100 years later the giants of "old" neuroophthalmology had described almost all diseases and anatomical concepts.