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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

206
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
206
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

215
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
215
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

156
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
156
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

177
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
177
Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Proton Pump Inhibitors01:13

Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Proton Pump Inhibitors

789
Peptic ulcers, often induced by H. pylori infections or NSAID usage, arise from disruptions in the delicate balance of gastric acid production. Peptic ulcers stem from heightened gastric acid levels due to H. pylori infections or NSAID use. The protective mucus layer diminishes in the presence of these factors, allowing gastric acid to erode the stomach lining and form ulcers.
Gastric acid, a potent cocktail of hydrogen and chloride ions, is produced in specialized parietal cells within the...
789
Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Histamine H2-Receptor Antagonists01:28

Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Histamine H2-Receptor Antagonists

862
Histamine H2 receptors, which are intricately located on the basolateral membrane of parietal cells, play a crucial role in modulating gastric acid secretion. When released from enterochromaffin-like cells, histamine engages H2 receptors, initiating the cyclic AMP (cAMP) pathway. In this pathway, adenylyl cyclase converts ATP into cAMP, elevating intracellular cAMP levels. The activation of protein kinase A follows, stimulating the proton pump. This stimulation prompts the secretion of hydrogen...
862

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Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
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[Proton pump inhibitors in paediatrics].

J Carcelén Andrés1, C Barroso Péez, C Fábrega Bosacoma

  • 1Grupo Español de Farmacia Pediátrica, SEFH. jca@grupobbva.net

Farmacia Hospitalaria : Organo Oficial De Expresion Cientifica De La Sociedad Espanola De Farmacia Hospitalaria
|March 19, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric proton pump inhibitor use is increasing, but clinical trials are limited. Further research is needed for safe and effective administration in children.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Pharmacology
  • Drug Safety

Context:

  • Increasing use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in pediatric patients.
  • Limited clinical trial data available for pediatric PPI use.

Purpose:

  • To analyze published literature on pediatric PPI use over the last seven years.
  • To review the efficacy and safety of commonly used PPIs in children.

Summary:

  • Omeprazole and lansoprazole have the most published studies, demonstrating good tolerance and efficacy.
  • Main indications include H. pylori eradication, GERD, and esophagitis.
  • Lack of pediatric-specific formulations and administration challenges noted.

Impact:

  • Highlights the need for more robust clinical trials in pediatric populations.
  • Emphasizes the necessity of determining age-specific pharmacokinetic parameters for safe and effective PPI use.
  • Calls for authorization by health authorities based on comprehensive data.