Bench-to-bedside review: Fundamental principles of acid-base physiology

Area of Science:

• Critical care medicine
• Physiology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Complex acid-base disorders frequently occur in critically ill patients, particularly those with multiorgan failure.
• Traditional theories of acid-base balance are being challenged by revisionist models.
• This has sparked debate regarding fundamental principles of acid-base physiology.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the derivation and application of new models of acid-base balance.
• To shed light on the controversy between traditional and revisionist models.
• To aid in the diagnosis and treatment of complex acid-base disorders.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of traditional and revisionist models of acid-base balance.
• Analysis of the derivation and application of newer models.
• Comparison of revisionist models with traditional theories.

Main Results:

• Newer models of acid-base balance offer alternative perspectives to traditional theories.
• The application of these models is explored in the context of critical illness.
• The review highlights key differences and potential advantages of revisionist approaches.

Conclusions:

• Revisionist models of acid-base balance present a significant shift from traditional understanding.
• Further investigation and clinical application are needed to fully evaluate their impact.
• Understanding these evolving models is crucial for improving patient care in critical settings.