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Prevotella multiformis sp. nov., isolated from human subgingival plaque
Mitsuo Sakamoto1, Yi Huang2, Makoto Umeda2
1Microbe Division/Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
Summary
Four new Prevotella bacterial strains were identified from the human mouth. These oral bacteria are distinct from Prevotella denticola, leading to the proposal of a novel Prevotella species.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Bacteriology
- Oral Microbiome
Background:
- The human oral cavity harbors diverse bacterial communities.
- Accurate identification and classification of oral bacteria are crucial for understanding oral health and disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize and classify four novel bacterial strains isolated from the human oral cavity.
- To determine the phylogenetic and genomic relationship of these strains to known Prevotella species.
Main Methods:
- Phenotypic and biochemical characterization.
- Cellular fatty acid profiling.
- 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.
- DNA-DNA hybridization experiments.
- API 20A tests for metabolic profiling.
Main Results:
- Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the isolates within the genus Prevotella, with approximately 95% similarity to Prevotella denticola.
- The strains exhibited obligately anaerobic, Gram-negative rod morphology, often appearing coccoid or coccobacillary.
- Distinct phenotypic characteristics, including aesculin hydrolysis and d-cellobiose fermentation, differentiated the strains from P. denticola.
- DNA-DNA hybridization confirmed genomic distinctness from P. denticola.
Conclusions:
- The four oral bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Prevotella.
- The proposed novel species is named Prevotella multiformis sp. nov., with strain PPPA21(T) as the type strain.