Paradoxical structural effects in the unilaterally denervated spontaneously hypertensive rat kidney

To determine the effects of chronic denervation on renal vascular structure and function in young adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs).

Unilateral renal denervation (SHRUDx) or sham-operation (SHRS) was performed in SHRs at 6 weeks of age. At 10 weeks, rats were allocated to one of three procedures designed to examine renal vascular structure and function. A further group underwent bilateral renal denervation.

In SHRUDx or SHRS groups, either the kidneys were perfusion-fixed for stereological estimates of artery wall and lumen dimensions or for vascular casting to determine arteriole lumen diameters, or the rats were anaesthetized for estimation of glomerular capillary pressure.

Chronic unilateral renal denervation had no significant effect on the development of hypertension between 6 and 10 weeks of age, as previously reported, but resulted in luminal narrowing of the interlobular artery (denervated group 52 +/- 2 mum, sham-operated group 64 +/- 1 mum; P < 0.01 for interaction between strain and treatment), without alterations in interlobular or arcuate artery wall dimensions. There were no significant effects on either afferent or efferent arteriole lumen diameters. Estimated glomerular capillary pressure was significantly lower in the denervated kidneys of SHRUDx (47 +/- 1 mmHg) compared with kidneys of the SHRS (50 +/- 1 mmHg; P < 0.04). Mean arterial pressure was approximately 12 mmHg lower in the bilaterally denervated SHRs than in the sham-operated SHRs.

Although bilateral denervation attenuated the development of hypertension in SHRs, unilateral denervation did not, indicating that one neurally intact kidney was sufficient to drive the normal development of SHR hypertension, but only with apparent prohypertensive compensatory changes in the denervated kidney.