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Adaptive evolution in perinatal HIV-1.

Thillagavathie Pillay1, Rodney E Phillips

  • 1Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. tillypillay@doctors.org.uk

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
|March 22, 2005
PubMed
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Maternal immune responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) can drive viral evolution, impacting infant health. Early immune responses in newborns can also select for HIV-1 variants, contributing to disease progression.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) remains a critical area of research.
  • The intricate interplay between the maternal immune system and HIV-1 evolution during transmission is not fully elucidated.
  • Understanding these dynamics is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on the immune-viral dynamics of perinatal HIV-1 transmission.
  • To explore how maternal and infant immune responses shape HIV-1 evolution.
  • To elucidate the contribution of adaptive immune surveillance to early HIV-1 pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on HIV-1 immune-viral dynamics.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of studies investigating maternal and infant immune responses to HIV-1.
  • Synthesis of data on viral evolution during mother-to-child transmission.

    • Main Results:

    • Maternal immune responses can select for HIV-1 variants that evade immunity, negatively impacting the child post-transmission.
    • Infant immune responses to transmitted wild-type HIV-1 can rapidly select for viral escape variants.
    • Both maternal and infant adaptive immune surveillance appear to contribute to the pathogenesis of early perinatal HIV-1.

    Conclusions:

    • Adaptive immunity in both mother and child plays a significant role in the evolution and pathogenesis of early perinatal HIV-1.
    • These immune-driven viral selection processes impact disease progression in infants.
    • Further research into these dynamics can enhance our understanding of HIV-1 transmission and evolution.