Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 19, 2026

Mixed Primary Cultures of Murine Small Intestine Intended for the Study of Gut Hormone Secretion and Live Cell Imaging of Enteroendocrine Cells
Published on: April 20, 2017
Nutrient-stimulated GLP-1 release in normal-weight men and women
T C M Adam1, M S Westerterp-Plantenga
1Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands. T.Adam@hb.unimaas.nl
Abstract:
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a monosaccharide/fiber preload (galactose/guar gum) in combination with a standard breakfast (GG) on plasma GLP-1, insulin, glucose, free fatty acid concentrations, and appetite ratings (satiety, hunger, fullness and desire to eat) in 30 normal-weight subjects. GG was compared to water in combination with the standard breakfast (W). We also tested for differences in GLP-1 release in the described conditions between genders. In women, postprandial plasma GLP-1 concentrations after GG were significantly increased compared to W (p < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) for DeltaGLP-1 after GG was related to body fat (%BF) in women (r = 0.48; p = 0.02), but not in men. The rise in plasma insulin was delayed, and plasma glucose concentration was blunted after GG. Deltasatiety was significantly related to DeltaGLP-1 (W). In conclusion, galactose with guar gum increased and extended the GLP-1 release due to breakfast in women, but not in men. This may be partly explained by %BF, which is higher in women than in men since GLP-1 release appears to be related to %BF.
Related Concept Videos
Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by the...
Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
Regulation of Food Intake
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion
Insulin and C-peptide are co-secreted in...
Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine
Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
