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Reduced prevalence of ischemic events and abnormal supraortic flow patterns in patients with liver cirrhosis
Annalisa Berzigotti1, Andrea Bonfiglioli, Antonio Muscari
1Department of Internal Medicine, Cardioangiology, Hepatology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy.
Insights
Liver cirrhosis patients show fewer strokes due to reduced abnormal flow patterns in neck arteries, particularly non-smokers. This study investigated cardiovascular disease in liver cirrhosis patients.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Hepatology
- Vascular Ultrasound
Background:
- Reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence noted in liver cirrhosis.
- Limited research on supraortic arteries in cirrhotic patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- Investigate supraortic arterial health in liver cirrhosis patients.
- Assess atherosclerotic plaques and flow patterns in carotid and vertebral arteries.
Main Methods:
- Ultrasound duplex scanning used on 118 cirrhotic patients and 236 controls.
- Evaluated atherosclerotic plaques and flow patterns.
- Matched controls for age, sex, and smoking status.
Main Results:
- Significantly fewer ischemic strokes (0.8% vs. 10.5%) and myocardial infarctions (1.7% vs. 6.4%) in cirrhotic patients.
- Cirrhotics had lower hypertension/hypercholesterolemia but more diabetes.
- Similar plaque presence, but fewer abnormal flow patterns (13.6% vs. 29.2%) in cirrhotics.
- Protective effect diminished with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking.
Conclusions:
- Advanced liver disease correlates with reduced ischemic stroke prevalence.
- Decreased abnormal flow patterns in supraortic vessels contribute to stroke reduction.
- This protective effect is more pronounced in non-smokers.
Background:
A reduced prevalence of cardiovascular diseases has been reported in liver cirrhosis. However, studies focusing on supraortic district of cirrhotic patients are lacking.
Methods:
By ultrasound duplex scanning, the presence and severity of atherosclerotic plaques and flow pattern abnormalities were assessed in carotid and vertebral arteries of 118 cirrhotics aged 60.7 +/- 12.8 (1 standard deviation) years, and in 236 controls matched with cirrhotic patients according to age, sex and cigarette smoking.
Results:
Previous ischemic strokes were significantly less numerous in cirrhotic patients than in controls (0.8% vs. 10.5%; P = 0.0009); also the prevalence of myocardial infarction was significantly reduced (1.7% vs. 6.4%; P = 0.0532). Moreover, cirrhotic patients differed from controls for a lower prevalence of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, and for a greater proportion of diabetics. Although the presence and severity of atherosclerotic plaques was similar in the two groups, liver cirrhosis was associated with a lower prevalence of abnormal flow patterns (13.6% vs. 29.2%; P = 0.0011). The inverse association of hemodynamic changes with liver cirrhosis persisted after all main risk factors were simultaneously taken into account by multiple logistic regression. However, in the presence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and cigarette smoking, the 'protective' effect of cirrhosis on the occurrence of abnormal flow patterns was no longer detectable.
Conclusions:
Advanced liver disease is associated with a reduced prevalence of ischemic stroke, which seems to be related to a decreased prevalence of abnormal flow patterns in the supraortic vessels, especially among non-smokers.
