Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

14.4K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
14.4K
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

6.3K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
6.3K
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

8.2K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
8.2K
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

2.0K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
2.0K
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

15.6K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
15.6K
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

2.7K
The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
2.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Author Correction: Infection-induced type I interferons critically modulate the homeostasis and function of CD8<sup>+</sup> naïve T cells.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

Temporal Changes in Vaccine-Specific Willingness Across Race/Ethnicity Following Serious Adverse Event Reports.

American journal of public health·2023
Same author

Targeted metabolomics reveals plasma biomarkers and metabolic alterations of the aging process in healthy young and older adults.

GeroScience·2023
Same author

Research and resource needs for understanding host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 vaccines during aging.

Nature aging·2023
Same author

Inflammatory and immune markers in HIV-infected older adults on long-term antiretroviral therapy: Persistent elevation of sCD14 and of proinflammatory effector memory T cells.

Aging cell·2022
Same author

Evaluation of T-cell aging-related immune phenotypes in the context of biological aging and multimorbidity in the Health and Retirement Study.

Immunity & ageing : I & A·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of V&#948;1+CD4+&#947;&#948; T Cells, an Extrathymic &#945;&#946;T-cell Progenitor
10:33

Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of Vδ1+CD4+γδ T Cells, an Extrathymic αβT-cell Progenitor

Published on: December 7, 2015

9.7K

T cell aging: naive but not young.

Janko Nikolich-Zugich1

  • 1Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA. nikolich@ohsu.edu

The Journal of Experimental Medicine
|March 23, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Aging significantly impacts the immune system, a process called immunosenescence. Intriguingly, older mice can generate new, functional T cells, prompting further research into immune system regulation and aging.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gerontology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • The immune system undergoes significant age-related changes, known as immunosenescence.
  • This decline in immune function affects protective immunity due to primary defects and compensatory mechanisms.
  • These changes lead to dysregulation of normal immune processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of aging on immune system function.
  • To explore the potential for generating functional immune cells in aged individuals.
  • To understand the mechanisms underlying immunosenescence and T cell production in aging.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of age-related changes in immune cell populations.
  • Assessment of T cell function and production in aged animal models.

More Related Videos

Mouse Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
07:12

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Published on: April 16, 2015

53.9K
Quantitative Imaging of Lineage-specific Toll-like Receptor-mediated Signaling in Monocytes and Dendritic Cells from Small Samples of Human Blood
07:58

Quantitative Imaging of Lineage-specific Toll-like Receptor-mediated Signaling in Monocytes and Dendritic Cells from Small Samples of Human Blood

Published on: April 16, 2012

35.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of V&#948;1+CD4+&#947;&#948; T Cells, an Extrathymic &#945;&#946;T-cell Progenitor
10:33

Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of Vδ1+CD4+γδ T Cells, an Extrathymic αβT-cell Progenitor

Published on: December 7, 2015

9.7K
Mouse Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
07:12

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Published on: April 16, 2015

53.9K
Quantitative Imaging of Lineage-specific Toll-like Receptor-mediated Signaling in Monocytes and Dendritic Cells from Small Samples of Human Blood
07:58

Quantitative Imaging of Lineage-specific Toll-like Receptor-mediated Signaling in Monocytes and Dendritic Cells from Small Samples of Human Blood

Published on: April 16, 2012

35.4K
  • Investigation of molecular pathways involved in immune regulation during aging.

    • Main Results:

    • Immunosenescence is characterized by a decline in protective immunity.
    • Older mice demonstrated the capacity to produce fully functional new T cells.
    • Evidence suggests complex interactions between immune defects and homeostatic mechanisms in aging.

    Conclusions:

    • Age-related immune decline (immunosenescence) is a complex, dysregulated process.
    • The ability of aged mice to produce functional T cells offers new research directions.
    • Further investigation is critical to understand and potentially counteract age-related immune dysfunction.