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Recent evidence for evolution of the genetic code.

S Osawa1, T H Jukes, K Watanabe

  • 1Department of Biology, Nagoya University, Japan.

Microbiological Reviews
|March 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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The genetic code is evolving, with codons changing assignments in mitochondria and microorganisms. These changes involve codon loss, reassignment, and alterations in release factors, challenging the notion of a static genetic language.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The genetic code was historically considered immutable.
  • Early research in 1979 revealed variations in mitochondrial genetic codes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document and explain the evolutionary changes in the genetic code.
  • To propose a mechanism for how these genetic code alterations occur.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of genetic codes across different organisms and organelles.
  • Review of literature on codon reassignment and tRNA evolution.

Main Results:

  • Identified numerous deviations from the universal genetic code in mitochondria, protozoa, and yeasts.
Keywords:
NASA Discipline ExobiologyNon-NASA Center

Related Experiment Videos

  • Documented specific codon reassignments, such as UGA for tryptophan and UAA/UAG for glutamine.
  • Observed unique code variations in organisms like Euplotes octacarinatus and Candida species.

    • Conclusions:

    • The genetic code is dynamic and continues to evolve.
    • Proposed mechanism involves codon loss, mutation pressure, tRNA loss/emergence, and release factor changes.
    • UGA codon's dual role as a stop and selenocysteine codon is noted.