Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Ocular compensation for alternating myopic and hyperopic defocus.

Jonathan Winawer1, Xiaoying Zhu, John Choi

  • 1Department of Biology, City College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA. winawer@mit.edu

Vision Research
|March 29, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Myopic defocus has a stronger effect on eye growth than hyperopic defocus, with effects varying based on the frequency of visual stimuli. This suggests temporal integration of defocus influences refractive development.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Lentinan alleviates metabolic dysfunction implicating <i>Parabacteroides goldsteinii</i>-enriched gut microbiota and hepatic lipid metabolism reprogramming through gut-liver axis-associated mechanisms.

Frontiers in nutrition·2026
Same author

Anti-LAG-3 with or without anti-PD-1 in recurrent glioblastoma: a phase 1 trial.

Nature medicine·2026
Same author

Utility of repeat stereotactic EEG in pediatric patients with tuberous sclerosis.

Epilepsia open·2026
Same author

APOL1-risk alleles modulate T-cell receptor signaling to promote allograft rejection.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026
Same author

Glymphatic system dysfunction in obstructive sleep apnea with mild cognitive impairment evidenced by DTI-ALPS.

Sleep medicine·2026
Same author

Normalization accounts for temporal dynamics in human somatosensory cortex.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Visual Neuroscience

Background:

  • Eye growth is regulated by visual feedback, demonstrated by compensation for imposed defocus.
  • Defocus varies with viewing distance, accommodation, and other factors during normal vision.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temporal integration of myopic and hyperopic defocus during eye development.
  • To determine how the frequency of alternating defocus episodes affects refractive compensation.

Main Methods:

  • Chick eyes were exposed to rapidly alternating episodes of myopic and hyperopic defocus.
  • Lenses were used to place the far point between a nearby scrim and a distant wall, creating sequential defocus.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Equal durations of myopic and hyperopic defocus resulted in significant compensatory hyperopia.
  • Myopic defocus exerted a disproportionately larger influence on refractive development.
  • The degree of induced hyperopia was dependent on the frequency of defocus alternation, with low frequencies causing more hyperopia.

Conclusions:

  • The temporal integration of defocus significantly impacts eye refractive development.
  • Myopic defocus appears to have a stronger influence than hyperopic defocus.
  • Findings may explain why brief accommodation or reading time do not always predict myopia progression in humans.