Small cell carcinoma of the ovary with hypercalcemia and ectopic parathyroid hormone production

Small cell carcinoma of the ovary is a rare malignant tumor of the ovary. It is the most common undifferentiated ovarian carcinoma in young women. Approximately two thirds of patients with ovarian small cell carcinoma have hypercalcemia. The mechanism of development of hypercalcemia is unclear, although parathyroid hormone-related protein has been found in some of the cases. Parathormone expression in tumor cells, rarely reported, was seen in this case, suggesting that ectopic parathyroid hormone production by the tumor cells may be the cause of hypercalcemia.