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Establishment of Epstein-Barr Virus Growth-transformed Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines
Published on: November 8, 2011
Epstein-Barr virus shedding by astronauts during space flight
D L Pierson1, R P Stowe, T M Phillips
1NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
|March 31, 2005
Summary
Spaceflight triggers Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation, evidenced by increased EBV DNA shedding in astronauts' saliva. This reactivation correlates with elevated stress markers and immune responses during and after missions.
Area of Science:
- Space Medicine
- Virology
- Immunology
Background:
- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common human herpesvirus.
- Spaceflight is known to induce physiological stress and immune system alterations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation patterns in astronauts during space missions.
- To investigate the relationship between spaceflight and EBV shedding.
Main Methods:
- Saliva samples were collected from 32 astronauts before, during, and after 10 space shuttle missions.
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to quantify EBV DNA in saliva.
- Antibody titers, urinary cortisol, catecholamines, and neuropeptides were measured.
Main Results:
- EBV DNA was detected in saliva from all astronauts at some point.
- 23% of astronaut saliva specimens tested positive for EBV DNA.
- Mean EBV copies/mL were significantly higher during flight (417) compared to pre-flight (40) and post-flight (44).
- Control subjects showed only 3.7% EBV DNA shedding.
- Elevated antibody titers to EBV viral capsid antigen, cortisol, and catecholamines were observed around flight times.
Conclusions:
- Spaceflight is associated with significant Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation.
- Increased EBV shedding and reactivation markers suggest a link between spaceflight stress and viral activity.
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