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Updated: Aug 18, 2026
Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3
Published on: December 27, 2010
Molecular epidemiology of HTLV-2 infection among intravenous drug users in Spain
Carlos Toro1, Berta Rodés, Sylvina Bassani
1Service of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Background:
HTLV-2 infection is prevalent among intravenous drug users (IDUs), which often are coinfected with HIV-1. Two main subtypes, HTLV-2a and -2b, have been described among European IDUs, with a characteristically geographic distribution: IIa in northern Europe and IIb in the south. Although frequent traveling within Europe might have favoured a wide dissemination of diverse HTLV-2 variants, HTLV-2b was so far the only subtype reported in Spain.
Objective:
To investigate the current molecular epidemiology of HTLV-2 in Spain.
Study Design:
Twenty-six new HTLV-2 strains isolated from IDUs over the last 11 years in different geographic regions were examined. The HTLV LTR region (620bp) was sequenced and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Endonuclease restriction sites were examined to further characterize the HTLV-2 subgroup.
Results:
All 26 individuals infected with HTLV-2 showed viruses belonging to the HTLV-2 b4 clade and were closely related to the previously reported HTLV-2 Spanish and Italian IDU isolates.
Conclusions:
HTLV-2 subtype b4 continues to be the only HTLV-2 subgroup recognized so far in Spain and no introduction of other HTLV-2 variants has occurred over the last 11 years.
