Effect of steroids and nitric oxide on pituitary hormone release in ovariectomized, peripubertal rats

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the duration of steroid depletion on the steroid-induced luteinizing hormone and prolactin surges in ovariectomized, peripubertal female rats. Additionally, the role of nitric oxide (NO) in mediating the surge responses was determined. Peripubertal, 6-week-old, female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized. One or three weeks later, animals were injected with 17 beta-estradiol (50 microg, sc) followed 48 h later by progesterone (2.5 mg, sc). Effects of NO were examined by administering L-arginine (300 mg/kg, ip). The response of ovariectomized, adult females to steroid treatment was also determined. One and three weeks after ovariectomy, steroid replacement produced an LH and prolactin surge in peripubertal animals. However, both the magnitude and duration of the LH surge was greater 3 weeks after ovariectomy. While L-arginine significantly enhanced the magnitude of the LH surge 1 week after ovariectomy, by 3 weeks L-arginine caused a decrease in the duration, but not the magnitude of the surge. In contrast, L-arginine did not affect either the magnitude or duration of the prolactin surge one week after ovariectomy, but diminished the magnitude after 3 weeks of steroid depletion. In adults, steroids induced significant increases in both LH and prolactin. These results demonstrate that sensitivity to NO stimulation of LH, but not prolactin secretion, is modulated by the duration of gonadal steroid hormone depletion. The differences in the responsiveness of LH and prolactin to steroid-induced stimulation in peripubertal animals demonstrate that these hormones are regulated by NO through different mechanisms.