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Updated: Aug 18, 2026

Clean Sampling and Analysis of River and Estuarine Waters for Trace Metal Studies
Published on: July 1, 2016
Precipitation, pH and metal load in AMD river basins: an application of fuzzy clustering algorithms to the process
J A Grande1, J M Andújar, J Aroba
1Grupo de Recursos y Calidad del Agua, Escuela politécnica superior, Universidad de Huelva, 21819 LA Rábida, Huelva, Spain. grangil@uhu.es
Abstract:
In the present work, Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) processes in the Chorrito Stream, which flows into the Cobica River (Iberian Pyrite Belt, Southwest Spain) are characterized by means of clustering techniques based on fuzzy logic. Also, pH behavior in contrast to precipitation is clearly explained, proving that the influence of rainfall inputs on the acidity and, as a result, on the metal load of a riverbed undergoing AMD processes highly depends on the moment when it occurs. In general, the riverbed dynamic behavior is the response to the sum of instant stimuli produced by isolated rainfall, the seasonal memory depending on the moment of the target hydrological year and, finally, the own inertia of the river basin, as a result of an accumulation process caused by age-long mining activity.
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