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Related Concept Videos

Secondary Active Transport01:55

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
Membrane Proteins01:30

Membrane Proteins

Plasma membranes have integral transmembrane proteins involved in facilitated transport. These proteins are collectively referred to as transport proteins, and they function as either channels for the material or as carriers themselves. Channel proteins have hydrophilic domains exposed to the intracellular and extracellular fluids and a hydrophilic channel through their core that provides a hydrated opening for solutes to pass through the membrane layers. Passage through the channel allows...
Secondary Active Transport01:32

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine01:26

Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine

Complex carbohydrates consumed cannot be absorbed into the small intestine in their original form. First, they must be hydrolyzed to a monosaccharide form such as glucose or galactose. These monosaccharides are then transported across the intestinal membrane and into the blood via transcellular transport. The intestinal epithelial cells allow the movement of these monosaccharides with a defined 'entry' through membrane transporter proteins present on their apical membrane and 'exit' via the...
Secondary Active Transport01:32

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Demonstration of Heterologous Complexes formed by Golgi-Resident Type III Membrane Proteins using Split Luciferase Complementation Assay
05:28

Demonstration of Heterologous Complexes formed by Golgi-Resident Type III Membrane Proteins using Split Luciferase Complementation Assay

Published on: September 10, 2020

Glucose transporters.

L J Elsas1, N Longo

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322.

Annual Review of Medicine
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glucose transporters move sugar into human cells. Defects in these transporters are linked to diseases like diabetes, malabsorption, and neurological conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Human Physiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Glucose transporters facilitate sugar transport across cell membranes.
  • Two main classes exist: Na+/glucose cotransporters and facilitative glucose transporters.
  • Cloning advances enable study of transporter structure and disease links.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the roles of different glucose transporter families in human health.
  • To explore the connection between transporter defects and various disease states.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on glucose transporter families.
  • Analysis of molecular defects and their physiological consequences.

Main Results:

  • Na+/glucose cotransporters in the jejunum and kidney concentrate glucose via sodium gradients, with defects causing malabsorption and glycosuria.
  • Facilitative glucose transporters in other cells allow passive glucose flow, and their reduced numbers may contribute to diabetes and neurological disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding glucose transporter function is crucial for diagnosing and potentially treating metabolic and neurological diseases.
  • Further research into transporter structure and function can reveal new therapeutic targets.