[Combined vaccines in European Union]

Ewa Bernatowska1, Maja Klaudel-Dreszler

  • 1Department of Gastroentherology, Hepathology and Immunology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.

Insights

Combined vaccines offer a convenient way to protect infants against multiple childhood diseases with fewer shots. These vaccines show similar effectiveness and safety to individual shots, simplifying immunization schedules.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Public health

Context:

  • Increasing number of recommended childhood vaccines.
  • Need for efficient immunization strategies.
  • Infant vaccination schedules.

Purpose:

  • Evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined vaccines.
  • Assess the priming effect of combined vaccines compared to monovalent vaccines.
  • Determine the reactogenicity and tolerability of combined vaccines.

Summary:

  • Combined vaccines provide immunity against multiple diseases with a single injection.
  • They exhibit comparable priming effects to monovalent vaccines.
  • Demonstrated good reactogenicity and tolerability profiles in infants.

Impact:

  • Improved infant vaccination compliance.
  • Reduced number of injections for children.
  • Enhanced protection against key childhood illnesses.

Related Concept Videos

Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

Overview
Bioequivalence studies: Biowaivers01:13

Bioequivalence studies: Biowaivers

In certain scenarios, in vitro dissolution tests can replace in vivo bioequivalence studies. This is particularly true when a drug product, though available in varying strengths, maintains proportional similarity in its active and inactive ingredients. In such cases, the need for in vivo bioequivalence studies for lower strength variants may be waived, provided dissolution tests and in vivo studies on the highest strength yield satisfactory results.Bioequivalence can be indicated through...
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...