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Related Experiment Videos

Tetanus toxoid-loaded transfersomes for topical immunization.

Prem N Gupta1, Vivek Mishra, Paramjit Singh

  • 1Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar (M. P.) 470003, India.

The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
|April 6, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Topical immunization using transfersomes offers a novel, non-invasive method for delivering tetanus toxoid (TT). This approach elicits an immune response comparable to traditional intramuscular injections.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Immunology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Topical immunization is an emerging strategy for inducing immune responses.
  • Conventional carriers struggle to deliver antigens through intact skin.
  • Deformable lipid vesicles, or transfersomes, show promise for non-invasive topical delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize transfersomes for non-invasive topical delivery of tetanus toxoid (TT).
  • To investigate the in vivo immune response elicited by TT-loaded transfersomes.
  • To compare the efficacy of topical transfersomal immunization with conventional methods.

Main Methods:

  • Transfersomes were prepared using soya phosphatidylcholine and sodium deoxycholate.
  • Characterization included shape, size, entrapment efficiency, and deformability index.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Immune response was assessed by measuring anti-TT IgG titers post-topical immunization, compared to intramuscular alum-adsorbed TT (AATT).
  • Vesicle penetration mechanism was studied using fluorescence microscopy.

    • Main Results:

    • An optimal transfersomal formulation (85:15 soya phosphatidylcholine:sodium deoxycholate) demonstrated high entrapment efficiency (87.34%) and deformability (121.5).
    • Topical TT-loaded transfersomes induced an anti-TT IgG response comparable to intramuscular AATT after secondary immunization.
    • Fluorescence microscopy confirmed transfersome penetration through the skin to reach Langerhans cells.

    Conclusions:

    • Transfersomes are effective carriers for non-invasive topical delivery of tetanus toxoid.
    • Topical immunization with TT-loaded transfersomes provides an alternative to intramuscular vaccination.
    • This vesicular approach facilitates antigen delivery to skin's immunocompetent cells, enhancing immune stimulation.