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Endogenous and exogenous hormone exposure and risk of cognitive impairment in Swedish twins: a preliminary study
Natalie L Rasgon1, Cecilia Magnusson, Anna L V Johansson
1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Room 2360, Palo Alto, CA 94305-5723, USA. nrasgon@stanford.edu
Purpose:
To analyze the risk of cognitive impairment among female Swedish Twins with regard to endogenous and exogenous hormone exposure.
Design And Setting:
A cross-sectional analysis of data from the HARMONY Study, a population-based cohort study of cognitive impairment in the Swedish Twin Registry.
Methods:
Information regarding age at menarche and menopause, parity, and length and type of hormone therapy (HT) was collected via a telephone interview from 6604 women, aged 65-84. Cognitive impairment was assessed with the TELE, a brief telephone cognitive screen.
Results:
Length of reproductive period was inversely associated with risk of cognitive impairment (p<0.01). The OR was 1.15 (CI 95% 0.96-1.36) for women with reproductive periods <35 years and 0.82 (CI 95% 0.66-1.00) for women with reproductive periods >39 years. Age at menopause was inversely associated with risk of cognitive impairment. Use of HT was associated with average 40% decline in the risk of cognitive impairment, independent of type and timing of treatment.
Conclusion:
Our results suggest that both increased length of reproductive period and HT are associated with reduced risk of cognitive impairment.
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