Anesthetic management of Turner syndrome: a systematic approach

Turner syndrome is a complex and common genetic disorder that affects women and is associated with a wide variety of anatomic and physiological disorders. These abnormalities, especially those relating to the airway and cardiovascular system, pose a challenge to the anesthesiologist. We report a case of Turner syndrome associated with mental retardation and difficult airway, followed by a discussion of the perioperative management and review of the relevant literature. We also provide a concise tabular summary of the many problems associated with Turner syndrome and give guidelines for a systematic perioperative approach.