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Related Experiment Videos

Epigenetic reprogramming in mammals.

Hugh D Morgan1, Fátima Santos, Kelly Green

  • 1Laboratory of Developmental Genetics and Imprinting, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.

Human Molecular Genetics
|April 6, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Mammalian development involves genome-wide epigenetic reprogramming, crucial for cell potency changes and lineage development. This process resets epigenetic marks, with exceptions for imprinting, and is vital for stem cell applications.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Epigenetic marks ensure gene expression stability during mammalian development.
  • Genome-wide epigenetic reprogramming events occur during critical stages of changing cellular potency.
  • Maternal genomes are epigenetically static at fertilization, while paternal genomes undergo significant changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of epigenetic reprogramming in mammalian development.
  • To understand the dynamic changes in epigenetic marks during early embryonic development.
  • To explore the implications of epigenetic reprogramming for totipotency and lineage specification.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis across mammalian species to study variations in reprogramming.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of DNA demethylation and histone modification patterns.
  • Investigation of imprinting mark stability and erasure during gametogenesis.

    • Main Results:

    • Epigenetic reprogramming is conserved across mammals but varies in extent and timing.
    • Distinct epigenetic marks differentiate embryonic and extraembryonic lineages in blastocysts.
    • Imprinting marks are generally protected from reprogramming but are erased and re-established during gametogenesis.

    Conclusions:

    • Epigenetic reprogramming is essential for establishing totipotency, initiating embryonic gene expression, and early lineage development.
    • Aberrant reprogramming can lead to defects in cloned embryos and stem cells.
    • Understanding reprogramming mechanisms is key for advancing stem cell technologies.