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Updated: Aug 18, 2026

A Minimally Invasive Model of Aortic Stenosis in Swine
Published on: October 20, 2023
Overestimation of aortic valve gradient measured by Doppler echocardiography in patients with aortic stenosis
Chellammal Sakthi1, Henry Yee, Adam Kotlewski
1Department of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA.
Abstract:
We describe a series of patients with suspected aortic stenosis who were noted to have a significant aortic valve gradient by Doppler echocardiography but only a minimal gradient during cardiac catheterization. Although the pressure recovery phenomenon partially explained this discrepancy, a difference still persisted, particularly in peak gradients. The overestimation occurred at much lower cardiac catheterization gradients than previously reported. Since many of our patients were noted to be hypertensive, this discrepancy might be more apparent in this patient population.
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This invasive approach involves cannulating a peripheral artery. During each cardiac contraction, pressure generates mechanical motion within the catheter, transmitted through rigid, fluid-filled tubing to a transducer. This transducer converts mechanical motion into electrical signals displayed as waveforms on a monitor. An automatic flushing system prevents blood backflow. Due to the potential risk of unexpected arterial blood loss, this method is primarily used in intensive...

