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Monitoring change in the abundance and distribution of insects using butterflies and other indicator groups.

J A Thomas1

  • 1NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Dorset Laboratory, Winfrith Technology Centre, Dorchester DT2 8ZD, UK. jat@ceh.co.uk

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|April 9, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Butterflies are adequate indicators for monitoring terrestrial insect diversity changes. Established monitoring schemes, like Red Data Books and transect monitoring, show consistent patterns of decline, suggesting broader applicability for insect conservation efforts.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology and Conservation Biology
  • Entomology
  • Biodiversity Monitoring

Background:

  • Insect species diversity is vast and largely undiscovered, making biodiversity change monitoring challenging.
  • Accurate measures of insect diversity change are difficult, with butterflies often being the most feasible group for study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe and evaluate four established schemes for assessing change in British butterflies.
  • To determine the representativeness of butterflies as indicators for other terrestrial insect taxa.
  • To explore the extension of these monitoring schemes to other taxa and internationally.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized four established monitoring schemes: Red Data Books (RDB), mapping, transect monitoring, and occasional surveys.
  • Compared changes in butterfly populations with those of native bird and plant species in Britain.
  • Analyzed extinction rates in British butterflies against other insect groups, accounting for recording bias.

Main Results:

  • Consistent patterns of change were observed across all butterfly monitoring schemes.
  • Butterflies have declined more rapidly than birds and plants in Britain.
  • Extinction rates in butterflies are comparable to many other insect groups, though lower than aquatic or parasitic taxa.

Conclusions:

  • Butterflies serve as adequate indicators for many terrestrial insect groups.
  • Recommended extending similar monitoring schemes to other popular insect groups like dragonflies, bumblebees, hoverflies, and ants.
  • Advocated for international standardization and implementation of these biodiversity monitoring programs.