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Nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis in rats with small bowel resection
R Corey O'Connor1, Elaine M Worcester, Andrew P Evan
1Department of Urology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Urological Research
|April 9, 2005
Summary
Intestinal resection in rats caused kidney stones by increasing oxalate excretion and decreasing citrate. This new model mimics human disease, aiding research into stone formation and treatments.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Gastroenterology
- Pathology
Background:
- Intestinal resection (IR) is linked to hyperoxaluria and kidney stone formation (nephrolithiasis).
- A validated rat model is crucial for studying the mechanisms and potential treatments for IR-induced nephrolithiasis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and characterize a rat model of nephrolithiasis following intestinal resection.
- To analyze the urine chemistry and histopathologic features of kidney stone formation in this model.
Main Methods:
- Rats underwent either distal ileum resection (n=16) or sham resection (n=8), followed by a diet high in sodium oxalate and calcium.
- Urine samples were collected for chemical analysis, and kidneys were examined grossly and microscopically for calcification and crystal composition (CaOx, apatite, calcium carbonate).
Main Results:
- Intestinal resection rats exhibited significantly higher urine oxalate excretion and concentration, and lower urine citrate levels compared to controls.
- 12 out of 15 IR rats developed kidney stones, with calcifications found in the cortex, medulla, and papillary tip.
- Histopathology revealed crystal-filled collecting ducts, tubular obstruction, interstitial inflammation, and papillary erosion.
Conclusions:
- This rat model accurately replicates the urinary abnormalities and renal calcification patterns observed in humans after small bowel resection.
- The model provides a valuable platform for investigating the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis and for testing therapeutic interventions.