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Updated: Aug 18, 2026
In Vivo Luminal Measurement of Distension-Evoked Urothelial ATP Release in Rodents
Published on: September 7, 2022
Experimental evaluation of transport force in the rabbit ureter
N Di Paolo1, G Sacchi, F Gentile
1UO di Nefrologia, Dialisi e Trapianto, Azienda Universitaria, Ospedaliera di Siena, Siena, Italy. N.DiPaolo@ao-siena.toscana.it
Background:
Cleaning the urinary tract by so-called 'wash-out effect' and promoting high diuresis has long been advocated but has had very little scientific backing and few prospective studies in international journals.
Aim:
To verify whether the physical laws describing the transport force of water in rivers and pipes are also valid for urinary outflow.
Methods:
A laboratory model for measuring transport force, given liquid and solid capacity, was adapted to create an in vivo model based on the rabbit urinary tract.
Results:
Fluid flow in the rabbit renal pelvis and ureters was found similar to flow in pipes, obeying the physical laws of water transport to some extent. When the quantity of liquid flowing in the urinary tract in unit time was doubled, the transport force increased by various orders of magnitude. When the liquid increased by a larger factor, the transport force became enormous.
Conclusions:
The results confirm the utility of maintaining high diuresis in patients with renal calculus, but stress the utility of drinking 1-2 liters of hypotonic water in a short time to obtain an enormous increase in transport force which increases the probability of a cleansing effect.
