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Related Concept Videos

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Passive Membrane Transport01:23

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Passive Membrane Transport

Passive transport is a method of drug absorption where small, lipid-soluble drugs can move across the cell membrane. This movement happens along the concentration gradient, which is a natural flow from higher to lower concentration areas. The speed at which the drug moves is directly related to its lipid–water partition coefficient. This means that the more a drug dissolves in lipids, the faster it diffuses or spreads throughout the body. It is important to note that most drugs are either weak...
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Anatomical Parameters01:23

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Anatomical Parameters

Drug absorption involves the movement of drugs from the point of administration into the systemic circulation. Initially, Gastrointestinal (GI) motility propels the drug through the digestive tract and into the stomach. However, the stomach's high acidity and limited surface area restrict its role in drug absorption for most drugs. The drug then moves from the stomach to the small intestine via gastric emptying, which can be slowed by various factors, including interactions with other...
Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro01:16

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro

In vitro experiments are crucial for understanding the transport and absorption of drugs through biological materials. These studies employ varied methods such as the diffusion cell method, the everted sac technique, and the everted ring technique.
The diffusion cell method uses a two-compartment cell, including a donor compartment with the drug solution, which simulates the environment where the drug is applied, and a receptor compartment with a buffer solution, which simulates the environment...
Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ01:09

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ

In situ experiments, such as the Doluisio method and Single-Pass Perfusion technique, provide critical insights into drug uptake by simulating in vivo conditions for drug absorption.
The Doluisio method involves perfusing a prepared segment of a rat's small intestine with a solution of radiolabeled drug and a non-absorbable marker. This helps to differentiate between absorbed and non-absorbed drug concentrations. The intestinal segment is connected at both ends using tubing and syringes,...
One-Compartment Open Model for Extravascular Administration: Zero-Order Absorption Model01:12

One-Compartment Open Model for Extravascular Administration: Zero-Order Absorption Model

Extravascular administration, such as oral or intramuscular routes, is a non-invasive drug delivery method, often preferred for ease and patient compliance. A key factor here is absorption, which dictates how quickly and effectively the drug enters the bloodstream from the administration site. Absorption follows either zero-order or first-order kinetics.
Zero-order absorption maintains a steady rate irrespective of the amount of drug left to be absorbed, making it a constant process. In the...
One-Compartment Open Model for Extravascular Administration: First-Order Absorption Model01:15

One-Compartment Open Model for Extravascular Administration: First-Order Absorption Model

The first-order absorption model for extravascular administration describes the rate at which a drug is absorbed and eliminated, following the principles of first-order kinetics. This model is vital as it provides a mathematical representation of drug behavior within the body. It also allows for the prediction and interpretation of drug absorption and elimination based on the rate of change in drug concentration over time. This model can be visualized as a plasma concentration-time profile...

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Determination of the Transport Rate of Xenobiotics and Nanomaterials Across the Placenta using the ex vivo Human Placental Perfusion Model
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Intramembranous absorption rate is unaffected by changes in amniotic fluid composition.

D Anderson1, Q Yang, A Hohimer

  • 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97291, USA.

American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology
|April 12, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Amniotic fluid dilution did not alter fetal sheep physiology but revealed an inverse relationship between amniotic fluid volume and intramembranous absorption, suggesting volume regulation is key.

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Area of Science:

  • Fetal Physiology
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Intramembranous absorption is a critical process in fetal development.
  • Understanding factors influencing amniotic fluid dynamics is essential for fetal well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of amniotic fluid dilution on intramembranous absorption rates in fetal sheep.
  • To determine if isovolumic exchange affects fetal physiological parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Fetal sheep at 118 days gestation underwent surgical procedures including tracheal-esophageal shunts and urachal ligation.
  • Isovolumic exchange of amniotic fluid with lactated Ringer solution was performed.
  • Intramembranous absorption rates were calculated using urine flow and amniotic fluid volume measurements.

Main Results:

  • Isovolumic amniotic fluid exchange did not affect fetal blood pressures, blood-gas values, or urine production.
  • No significant change in amniotic fluid volume was observed due to isovolumic dilution.
  • A statistically significant inverse relationship was found between amniotic fluid volume and intramembranous absorption (P < 0.02).

Conclusions:

  • Amniotic fluid volume, rather than dilution itself, is inversely correlated with intramembranous absorption.
  • Fetal physiological parameters remain stable during isovolumic amniotic fluid exchange.
  • These findings highlight the importance of amniotic fluid volume regulation in fetal development.