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Second-generation azole antifungal agents.

Pramodini Kale1, Leonard B Johnson

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, St. John Hospital and Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.

Drugs of Today (Barcelona, Spain : 1998)
|April 12, 2005
PubMed
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New triazole antifungal agents offer expanded activity against fungal infections. Voriconazole is clinically available, while posaconazole and ravuconazole are under development, addressing limited treatment options for mycoses.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Triazole antifungal agents, developed in the 1980s-1990s, improved fungal infection treatment due to lower toxicity.
  • Despite advances, therapeutic options for many human mycoses remain limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pharmacology, activity, clinical studies, and toxicities of new second-generation triazole antifungal agents.
  • To highlight the expanded antifungal spectrum of voriconazole, posaconazole, and ravuconazole compared to earlier azoles.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pharmacology, in vitro and in vivo activity, clinical studies, and toxicities.
  • Analysis of clinical data for voriconazole, posaconazole, and ravuconazole.

Main Results:

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  • Voriconazole is clinically available for esophageal candidiasis, invasive aspergillosis, and refractory infections by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp.
  • Posaconazole and ravuconazole demonstrate expanded antifungal activity but are still in development for human use.

Conclusions:

  • Second-generation triazoles, including voriconazole, posaconazole, and ravuconazole, represent significant advancements in treating fungal infections.
  • Voriconazole offers a valuable clinical option, while ongoing development of posaconazole and ravuconazole promises to further expand therapeutic choices for mycoses.