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Related Experiment Videos

Carbonation of MSWI-bottom ash to decrease heavy metal leaching, in view of recycling.

T Van Gerven1, E Van Keer, S Arickx

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, De Croylaan 46, 3001 Leuven, Belgium. thomas.vangerven@cit.kuleuven.ac.be

Waste Management (New York, N.Y.)
|April 13, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Carbonation treatment of MSWI-bottom ash reduced copper leaching but did not meet official limits. Optimal parameters were identified for improving ash usability as construction material.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash requires treatment to meet regulatory standards for use as construction material.
  • Leaching of heavy metals, particularly copper (Cu), from MSWI bottom ash exceeds Flemish limit values, hindering its application.
  • Existing informal limits for barium (Ba), molybdenum (Mo), and antimony (Sb) are also exceeded, necessitating improved leaching characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effectiveness of carbonation as a treatment method for reducing metal leaching from MSWI-bottom ash.
  • To optimize carbonation parameters, including CO2 concentration, temperature, and initial ash humidity, for improved leaching performance.
  • To assess the impact of carbonation on the leaching of various metals (Cu, Ba, Mo, Sb, Cr) according to established extraction tests.

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Main Methods:

  • Samples of 0.1-2 mm MSWI-bottom ash fraction were subjected to carbonation in a CO2 chamber.
  • Carbonation parameters were varied: CO2 percentage (e.g., 10%), temperature (e.g., 50°C), and initial ash humidity (13-25%).
  • Metal leaching was quantified using the EN 12457 extraction test to evaluate treatment efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Carbonation significantly decreased copper (Cu) leaching from 3.3 to 1.0 mg/kg, though still above the 0.5 mg/kg limit.
  • Barium (Ba) leaching was reduced below informal limit values.
  • Leaching of molybdenum (Mo) and antimony (Sb) remained unchanged or increased, while chromium (Cr) leaching sometimes exceeded official limits.

Conclusions:

  • Carbonation is a promising treatment for MSWI-bottom ash, effectively reducing leaching of certain metals like copper and barium.
  • Optimal carbonation conditions (10% CO2, 50°C, 13-25% humidity) yield the best leaching results within the first 24 hours.
  • Further research may be needed to address the increased chromium leaching and to fully meet regulatory standards for copper.