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Bone adaptation to a mechanical loading program significantly increases skeletal fatigue resistance.

Stuart J Warden1, Julie A Hurst, Megan S Sanders

  • 1Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. stwarden@iupui.edu

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
|April 13, 2005
PubMed
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Moderate exercise significantly enhances bone fatigue resistance. A mechanical loading program improved rat ulna structural properties, increasing resistance over 100-fold, suggesting a preventative strategy for stress fractures.

Area of Science:

  • Bone adaptation
  • Skeletal biomechanics
  • Exercise physiology

Background:

  • Limited preventative strategies exist for stress fractures.
  • Skeletal properties influence stress fracture risk.
  • Mechanical loading may modify bone properties to reduce risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate if mechanical loading enhances skeletal fatigue resistance.
  • Determine the impact of induced bone adaptation on fatigue resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Adult female rats underwent site-specific mechanical loading (axial compression) for 5 weeks.
  • Loaded and non-loaded ulna structural properties were measured.
  • Fatigue failure testing was performed on ulna pairs.

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Main Results:

  • Mechanical loading increased ulna structural properties, notably a nearly 2-fold increase in minimum second moment of area.
  • Induced bone changes resulted in over a 100-fold increase in fatigue resistance.
  • Fatigue resistance showed an exponential relationship with ulna structural properties.

Conclusions:

  • Enhancing bone structural properties via mechanical loading significantly improves fatigue resistance.
  • Exercise programs modifying bone structure may serve as a stress fracture prevention strategy.